
Due to market demand, over the past few years we have begun to see another increase in investors' use of leverage. Just ten years ago all the rage was using leverage to buy more home than one could really afford. Before that, it was the increased use of credit cards and way back in the late 1920's it was trading stocks on margin. The use of leverage has time and again blown up in the faces of those who use it at an abusive level.
So today I would like to point out some of the dangers of Leveraged ETFs or better known as 3X ETFs. But first, let's talk about why it's hard to see the danger in these investments. I believe the most glaring reason is because we have been told that ETFs, or any group of investments bundled together in order to provide diversity, is safer than buying individual stocks or investments. And that is completely true, but what makes the leveraged ETFs dangerous is the leverage itself.
Deterioration Risk
The first item to consider is what it costs the ETF to gain 3X leverage. That price is often referred to as deterioration risk. The deterioration of invest-able capital is due to the price the ETF must pay other financial institutions to buy and sell investment instruments in order to gain the 3X price movement of the underlying ETF asset. If the ETF is invested in the oil industry for example, the industry itself will have a limited number of financial instruments to invest in, and often times those instruments will have very little liquidity. The lack of supply and lack of demand for the investment therefore pushes the price of the investment higher for the ETF to purchase. In turn, and over time, that increased cost will deteriorate part of the capital being used to invest.
Daily Trading Only
The next issue is the use of leverage and how it makes returns very unpredictable, especially over long periods of time. Direxion Investments is one company who offers leveraged ETFs. On their website, as well as in the profile summary of each of their leveraged ETFs, you can find a warning to investors which reads:
"These leveraged ETFs seek a return that is +300% or -300% of the return of their benchmark index for a single day. The funds should not be expected to provide three times or negative three times the return of the benchmark’s cumulative return for periods greater than a day."
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